San Marino National Anthem

San Marino's anthem is a piece of medieval music pressed into national service. Federico Consolo, an Italian violinist and musicologist of Sephardic Jewish descent, was commissioned by the Sammarinese government in 1894 and built it from a chorale he found in a monastic breviary held at the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana in Florence. The chorale dates to the tenth century, which gives the melody one of the longest musical lineages of any national anthem in use. The Consiglio Principe e Sovrano adopted it on 11 September 1894, and it was first performed on 30 September that year at the inauguration of the Palazzo Pubblico, replacing Ulisse Balsimelli's march "Giubilanti d'amore fraterno". For the next 131 years it had no name. It was referred to simply as the national anthem of the Republic. That changed on 26 September 2025, when Constitutional Law no. 2 rewrote article 2-bis of the 1974 Declaration of the Rights of Citizens to place the anthem beside the flag and the coat of arms among the Republic's official symbols, and gave it a title: "Terra di Libertà", Land of Liberty. The same article is careful about what it does not settle. It states that the anthem's textual, technical and musical particulars are to be defined by a separate ordinary law. That law was still moving through the Grand and General Council in first reading in April 2026, and the text it proposes has proved contentious.